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Dunes vs Storms

Beach dunes provide protection against storms on the coast. To learn more about the importance of dunes and what happens when dunes are absent read below. To see the issues communities face restoring and creating dunes in New Jersey click the button below.

CBS New York

What are Dunes?

What is a dune

Dunes are piles of sand formed from wind activity. Dunes can take many forms and can occur on beaches or in deserts. In coastal areas, beach dunes provide protection to areas landward of the dune. Dunes shield coastal areas against storm activity. As a result dunes lower the risk of coastal flooding. 

Dunes in action

For a more detailed description of dunes, click the button below.

More About Dunes

Importance of Plants

Catching Sediment

Anchoring Sediment

Anchoring Sediment

The blades of dune grass can catch sand being transported by wind. In doing so, the dune grass helps the dune accumulate more sand and grow in size. 

How Different grasses help dunes

Anchoring Sediment

Anchoring Sediment

Anchoring Sediment

The roots of dune grass help anchor the dunes in place. Roots are essential for preventing erosion from wind and water. Furthermore, the roots of the plants help trap and hold sediment in place. Without an established root system, many dunes are susceptible to being washed away.

New Study on dune grass roots

The Role of Fences

Not your normal fence...

At first glance, you may think fences are only to keep people off of dunes. However, fencing near dunes actually helps dunes grow over time. The fence catches sand beings transported by wind. As the sand hits the fence and falls to the ground, the dune can accumulate sand quicker. To learn more about when and how dune fences are used, click the image.

Dunes vs Storms

How frequent are storms in New Jersey?

Storm frequency and damage varies by year. Often dunes protect against minor storms. However, during larger storm events, some coastal damage may occur even in areas with dunes. For more information on major storms in New Jersey history, click the button below.

Historical Storm Data

How much damage do storms cause?

Coastal storms cause severe levels of damage to coastal communities. Through wind, wave, and flood damage major storms create an economic issue for coastal communities. For more information on damage from Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones click the button below.

Hurricane Costs 2023

What type of damage do storms cause?

Coastal storms (Hurricanes or strong winter storms) can cause erosion and damage to coastal areas. For a description on different types of coastal damage caused by storms, click the button below. 

Types of Coastal Change caused by storms

How do dunes protect against storms?

Dunes provide a barrier between coastal storms and coastal communities. Dunes protect against storm surge and high wave activity and can reduce coastal flooding. To see how effective dunes are in providing protection, watch the video below showing how beach dunes protected a coastal town from damage during Hurricane Sandy.

Protection against storms

When are dunes considered coastal protection?

When looking at protection provided by dunes, size is one of the most important factors. But at what size do dunes become a protective feature? To learn more about the requirements for a dune to be considered a protective coastal feature, click the button below. 

FEMA Rules Overview

How much money is saved by dune protection?

There is no doubt that dunes provide protection against storms. But what is the exact economic benefit of these systems? While estimates may vary by different studies and surveys, a study based on Texas found that dunes prevented approximately $8,200 in damages to each property owner. For more information on dune protection click the button below.

Studies on Dune protection benefits

Do dunes need to be replaced once damaged?

With time dunes can begin to erode and break down. When dunes wear down, it is important that they are restored. One of the main ways to improve dunes is to plant dune grass. Planting dune grass anchors dunes and helps additional sediment accumulate. To see how dune grass is planted click the button below. 

Dune Restoration

Its not just hurricanes that damage dunes

Winter storms also damage dunes

Its not just hurricanes that damage dunes. Winter storms can also erode dunes. While winter storms may not be as strong as Hurricanes, they can cause significant damage to dune systems that leave coastal communities vulnerable. To see how severe winter storm erosion can be, click the button below. 

Winter Storm Damage on the Jersey Shore

How much damage is caused

Damage to coastal areas varies by storm. Following major storm events, the state will conduct emergency repairs. For more information on damage caused by major storms that required emergency repair, click the button below to view damage assessments made by the NJDEP.

Major Storm Damage Assessments

Current State of my Beach

Since 1986, the Stockton University Coastal Research Center has been profiling the beaches of New Jersey. To see how your local section of the coastline has changed, click the button below to view the annual reports.

Annual beach profile reports

Additional Resources

NJ Sea Grant Consortium Dune Manual More Information on Dune Fencing American beach grass fact sheet

References

  

  • Angarone N. Caggiano T. Hill R. Jahre J. 2021. State of New Jersey climate change resiliency strategy. [Accessed 20 April 2024]. nj-climate-resilience-strategy-2021.pdf
  • National Center for Coastal Ocean Science. 2020. The effect of sand fencing on the structure of natural dune systems. NOAA.  [Accessed 20 April 2024]. The Effect of Sand Fencing on the Structure of Natural Dune Systems - NCCOS Coastal Science Website (noaa.gov)
  • National Center for Coastal Ocean Science. 2022.
    Beach width provides greatest protection against flooding, erosion during long storms. NOAA. [Accessed 20 April 2024]. Beach Width Provides Greatest Protection Against Flooding, Erosion During Long Storms - NCCOS Coastal Science Website (noaa.gov)
  • National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. 2021. Understanding processes driving sand dune erosion and creation on an Atlantic seashore. NOAA. [Accessed 20 April 2024]. Understanding Processes Driving Sand Dune Erosion and Creation on an Atlantic Seashore - NCCOS Coastal Science Website (noaa.gov)
  • National Geographic. 2024. Dune. National Geographic. [Accessed 20 April 2024]. Dune (nationalgeographic.org)
  • Sigren, J.M.; Figlus, J.; Highfield, W.; Feagin, R.A., and Armitage, A.R., 2018. The effects of coastal dune volume and vegetation on storm-induced property damage: Analysis from Hurricane Ike. Journal of Coastal Research, 34(1), 164–173. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.
  • United States Geological Survey. 2024. Geology of Great Sand Dunes National Park. USGS. [Accessed 20 April 2024]. Geology of Great Sand Dunes National Park | U.S. Geological Survey (usgs.gov)
  • University of Connecticut. 2024. Connecticut beaches and dunes: a hazard guide for coastal property owners. [Accessed 20 April 2024]. Protecting Dunes | Connecticut Beaches and Dunes: A Hazard Guide for Coastal Property Owners (uconn.edu)
  • Wootton L. Miller J. Peek M. Williams A. Rowe P. 2016. New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium dune manual. [Accessed 20 April 2024]. Dune-Manual-Pgs-compressed.pdf (njseagrant.org)

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